Hydrocephalus in adults1/17/2024 Some arachnoid cysts are self-contained, while others are connected with the ventricles or the subarachnoid space. These cysts are filled with CSF and lined with the arachnoid membrane, one of the three meningeal coverings. In children, they’re often located at the back of the brain (posterior fossa) and in the area of the third ventricle. For more information please visit the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and Spina Bifida Association.Īrachnoid cysts – Congenital hydrocephalus can also be caused by arachnoid cysts, which may occur anywhere in the brain. This kind of NTD usually leads to the Chiari II malformation, which causes part of the cerebellum and the fourth ventricle to push downward through the opening at the base of the skull into the spinal cord area, blocking CSF flow out of the fourth ventricle and causing hydrocephalus. An open NTD, where the spinal cord is exposed at birth and is often leaking CSF, is called myelomeningocele and is often referred to as spina bifida. Neural tube defect – Another common cause of hydrocephalus is a neural tube defect (NTD). Fluid accumulates “upstream” from the obstruction, producing hydrocephalus. This occurs when the long, narrow passageway between the third and fourth ventricles (the aqueduct of Sylvius) is narrowed or blocked, perhaps because of infection, hemorrhage, or a tumor. There are likely many genes that can cause hydrocephalus or be a risk factor for increasing the likelihood of developing hydrocephalus.Īqueductal stenosis – The most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus is an obstruction called aqueductal stenosis. The genetic causes of hydrocephalus are still being studied. Congenital hydrocephalus is caused by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors during fetal development. Hydrocephalus that develops later in life in some children, and even in adults, but is caused by a condition that existed at birth, is still considered a form of congenital hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus that is present at birth is referred to as congenital hydrocephalus. In the United States, 1 in every 770 babies develops hydrocephalus.
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